The Historical Path of April 23 and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

April 23 holds significant and profound importance in the history of Türkiye, as it marks the momentous day when the nation declared its national sovereignty. The process leading to this historical day began with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and continued with the formation of the struggle for independence following the occupations. However, April 23 has evolved to become a special occasion that is dedicated to the children. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, chose to present this day, which marked the Turkish people’s ability to determine their own future, as a gift to the children of the nation. As a result of that, April 23 has gone down in history as the only universal holiday that both symbolizes national sovereignty and is dedicated to children. Now, let’s take a closer look at the historical journey of April 23, examining the key moments that led to the process of it celebrated as a special day for children.

The Birth of National Sovereignty

The Ottoman Empire had suffered a crushing and devastating defeat during World War I and the consequences of this loss were both harsh and overwhelming for the country. The aftermath of the defeat, the War of Independence was launched under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal in order to preserve the integrity of the country. The primary objective of this monumental struggle was to establish an independent and self-determined state, one that was rooted in the principles of national sovereignty, where the people would have the power to shape their own destiny and govern themselves. One of the turning points of this struggle which is carried out by civilians and soldiers together was undoubtedly the opening of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye on April 23, 1920. This assembly, opened in Ankara, became the symbol of national sovereignty and formed the cornerstone of the process leading to the declaration of the Republic.

The significance of April 23 was so profound that, in accordance with a law passed on April 23, 1921, this date was officially recognized as a national holiday.  The first celebration of this holiday took place in 1922, where it was marked with great enthusiasm in Ankara. In 1923, the celebrations and enthusiasm gradually increased and celebrations were held in İstanbul as well as Ankara. Over time, April 23 became etched in memories as the day the nation gained its independence.

The Process of Gifting April 23 to Children

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk held a deep and abiding love for children and saw them as the guarantee of the future. Accordingly, when April 23, 1927, was shown, the opening date of the parliament was celebrated as Children’s Day for the first time under Atatürk’s leadership. In 1927, numerous events and activities that were dedicated specifically to children were organized across both Ankara and İstanbul. The concert was performed by the Presidential Band and Atatürk made a gesture by dedicating one of his personal cars to children once again showing the value that he gave to children and April 23.

Shaped by Atatürk’s foresight, April 23 National Sovereignty and Children’s Day became recognized as an international level in 1979 under the leadership of TRT. Over time, children from different countries began to participate in the April 23 celebrations that are held in Türkiye. Today, Türkiye continues to hold the distinction of being the first and only country to officially dedicate a national holiday solely to children.

Witness of the National Struggle: Pera Palace Hotel

The Pera Palace Hotel, one of the most extraordinary landmarks of Istanbul, is the first hotel in our country to be built to European standards. In addition to witnessing many historical events, the hotel has also hosted numerous famous names. One of the most esteemed and important guests would undoubtedly be the Great Leader, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It is possible to say that during the National Struggle, Pera Palace Hotel became a second home for Atatürk. While he was in İstanbul, he usually preferred to accommodate in room 101 of the hotel.

It is known that Atatürk stayed in Pera Palace Hotel during the critical days of the enemy occupation of İstanbul, a period when he began to lay the groundwork for the independence of Türkiye. He also made many important decisions regarding the future of the country in room 101. He hosted both civilian and military figures in this room and directed the National Struggle in line with the plans that he made.

Traces of the Past: Atatürk Museum Room

Room 101 at Pera Palace Hotel, due to its immense historical significance, was eventually transformed into a museum. It was officially opened to the public on the 100th anniversary of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s death for the visitors. This room, which served as a hub for many of Atatürk’s critical plans, now houses a collection of his personal belongings. Exhibits include magazines, newspapers from the War of Independence and a range of objects that were gifted to Atatürk. The walls that are adorned with photographs and memorabilia of Atatürk provide visitors with a historical journey.

Room 101 at Pera Palace Hotel is open for visitors every day of the week with visiting hours from 10:00-11:00 and 15:00-16:00 to immerse the history. For a more meaningful experience, guests can choose to visit room 101 on April 23, National Sovereignty and Children’s Day, one of the most significant holidays in Türkiye. This visit adds another layer of historical depth, making it even more special and memorable.